Microsoft Community Hub - techcommunity.microsoft.com - Aug 20, 2025
We are announcing that all Exchange Online customers who send external email should start switching to custom (aka vanity) domain names.

MOERA domains for email
When a organization creates a new tenant in Microsoft 365, an onmicrosoft.com domain (or similar default domain like onmicrosoft.de) is provided. These MOERA (Microsoft Online Email Routing Address) domains enable immediate connectivity and user creation. Having enabled a quick start and testing of a new tenant, customers are expected to add their own custom domains for better brand representation and control moving forward. Customers who continue using MOERA domains as their “primary domain” may face significant challenges.

Limitations of free ‘onmicrosoft’ shared domains
These “default” domains are useful for testing mail flow but are not suitable for regular messaging. They do not reflect a customer’s brand identity and offer limited administrative control. Moreover, because these domains all share the ‘onmicrosoft’ domain (for example, ‘contoso.onmicrosoft.com’), their reputation is collectively impacted. Despite our efforts to minimize abuse, spammers often exploit newly created tenants to send bursts of spam from ‘.onmicrosoft.com’ addresses before we can intervene. This degrades this shared domain’s reputation, affecting all legitimate users. To ensure brand trust and email deliverability, organizations should establish and use their own custom domains for sending email. Until now, we did not have any limits on use of MOERA domains for email delivery.

Introducing new throttling enforcement
To prevent misuse and help improve deliverability of customer email by encouraging best practices, we are changing our policy. In the future, MOERA domains should only be used for testing purposes, not regular email sending. We will be introducing throttling to limit messages sent from onmicrosoft.com domains to 100 external recipients per organization per 24 hour rolling window. Inbound messages won't be affected. External recipients are counted after the expansion of any of the original recipients. When a sender hits the throttling limit, they will receive NDRs with the code 550 5.7.236 for any attempts to send to external recipients while the tenant is throttled.

Customer actions
Customers will need to take actions depending on their use of their MOERA domain.

Purchase and migrate to a custom domain if not already done.
Ensure only custom domains are used for sending non-test emails.
If your tenant's default domain is a MOERA domain, set the default domain to a custom domain. This can be done in the Microsoft 365 admin center.
Mailboxes will need to have their primary SMTP addresses changed to the custom domain alias. Changing the primary SMTP address will have an impact on the username used to log into accounts so updates may need to be made to any credentials configured to authenticate devices or applications with users’ accounts.
Note: Customers with Federated Domains will have to add a non-Federated custom domain in Microsoft 365 to act as a default domain, as Federated domains cannot play that role. Learn more here: AD FS Overview.

Purchasing a domain
A domain registrar is a company authorized to sell and manage domain names. To purchase a domain, you typically visit a registrar’s website, search for an available domain name, and follow the checkout process to register it in your name. Once purchased, you can manage DNS settings through the registrar’s portal to validate your ownership when adding it to Exchange Online as an accepted domain. Once purchased, you can use the following instructions to add it to your tenant as an accepted domain – documentation.

Adding new aliases to existing mailboxes
To migrate users over to using a new custom domain, admins will need to add aliases to each user account for the new custom domain. These new aliases will need to be set as the Primary SMTP Address on the mailbox so that it is used for sending out emails. Users at organizations who make use of the Sending from Aliases feature will need to ensure that the correct alias is selected when they reply to emails addressed to their MOERA alias.

Known MOERA domain usage scenarios
Besides regular email client sending when a MOERA domain is a primary SMTP address, these are some of the known usage scenarios customers should be aware of:

Sender Rewriting Scheme may use MOERA domains as fallback if it is set as the default domain. Customers will need to change their default domains to avoid this. (Sender Rewriting Scheme (SRS) in Microsoft 365).
Bookings app invites may be configured to send from MOERA domains. Customers will need to ensure Bookings is configured to use their custom domain. (Custom domain support in Shared Bookings).
Notifications from Microsoft should be set up to use a custom domain. (Select the domain to use for email from Microsoft 365 products).
Journaling Reports use the Microsoft Exchange Recipient address set for tenants (MicrosoftExchangeRecipientPrimarySmtpAddress in Get-OrganizationConfig). This address cannot be modified by admins and therefore these messages will not count towards the throttling limit.
Hybrid configurations with complex routing make use of MOERA domains containing mail.onmicrosoft.com. It is possible that addresses using these domains could send emails to external recipients e.g. OOF messages when Sending from Aliases is enabled. These messages will not be throttling so long as these domains are not used for original traffic.
Analyzing your MOERA email traffic
You can use the Message Trace feature in Exchange Admin Center to retrieve the outbound traffic being sent from your tenant. By placing a wild card address in the Senders field, you can get a report with all traffic using your onmicrosoft.com domain to send. Note that this report would contain messages sent internally as well, but those can be filtered out of the resulting report by using the recipient domain.

Rollout timeline
The throttling rollout will be based on the number of Exchange seats in an organization:

MOERA outgoing email throttling starts

Exchange seats in the tenant

October 15, 2025

Trial

December 1, 2025

< 3

January 7, 2026

3 – 10

February 2, 2026

11 – 50

March 2, 2026

51 – 200

April 1, 2026

201 – 2,000

May 4, 2026

2,001 – 10,000

June 1, 2026

10,001 >

Announcements for each stage of the rollout will be made one month before via Message Center to all customers meeting the seat count criteria. All customers who are using their MOERA domains are encouraged to start planning and migrating today.

What do you do if a web address you printed on a physical flyer contains a typo, and you send that flyer to more than 100,000 households? Well, if you're

We recently performed research that started off "well-intentioned" (or as well-intentioned as we ever are) - to make vulnerabilities in WHOIS clients and how they parse responses from WHOIS servers exploitable in the real world (i.e. without needing to MITM etc).

As part of our research, we discovered that a few years ago the WHOIS server for the .MOBI TLD migrated from whois.dotmobiregistry.net to whois.nic.mobi – and the dotmobiregistry.net domain had been left to expire seemingly in December 2023.

Vint Cerf revealed Google already uses the string, as do plenty of others

More than a million domain names -- including many registered by Fortune 100 firms and brand protection companies -- are vulnerable to takeover by cybercriminals thanks to authentication weaknesses at a number of large web hosting providers and domain registrars,…

The idea is simple; take advantage of the typos that people make when they enter email addresses. If we positioned ourselves in between the sender of an email (be it a person or a system) and the legitimate recipient, we may be able to capture plenty of information about the business, including personally identifiable information, email verification processes, etc. This scenario is effectively a Person-in-the-Middle (PiTM), but for email communications.

Despite having a population of just 1,400, until recently, Tokelau’s .tk domain had more users than any other country. Here’s why.

This article explores a phishing technique that emulates a file archiver software in the browser while using a .zip domain.

Domain shadowing is a special case of DNS hijacking where attackers stealthily create malicious subdomains under compromised domain names.

Domain names geared to offer illicit goods and services – from illegally purchased guns to opioids to Covid vaccine cards – remain easy to...

Companies including GoDaddy are making it easy for criminals to scoop up websites for dangerous coronavirus scams, researchers say.

KrbRelayUp - a universal no-fix local privilege escalation in windows domain environments where LDAP signing is not enforced (the default settings). - GitHub - Dec0ne/KrbRelayUp: KrbRelayUp - a universal no-fix local privilege escalation in windows domain environments where LDAP signing is not enforced (the default settings).